### settings.py ###

# active directory authentication module
AD_DNS_NAME = 'dc.com'												# FQDN of your DC
 If using non-SSL use these
#AD_LDAP_PORT=389
#AD_LDAP_URL='ldap://%s:%s' % 
(AD_DNS_NAME,AD_LDAP_PORT)
# If using SSL use these:
AD_LDAP_PORT=636
AD_LDAP_URL='ldaps://%s:%s' % (AD_DNS_NAME,AD_LDAP_PORT)

AD_SEARCH_DN = 'ou=Staff,dc=example,dc=com'
AD_NT4_DOMAIN = 'YOURDOMAIN'
AD_SEARCH_FIELDS = ['mail','givenName','sn','sAMAccountName','memberOf']
AD_MEMBERSHIP_ADMIN = ['admingroup']											# this ad group gets superuser status in django
AD_MEMBERSHIP_REQ = AD_MEMBERSHIP_ADMIN + ['anothergroup', 'secondarygroup']	# only members of this group can access
AD_CERT_FILE = '/path/to/certile.pem'	# this is the certificate of the Certificate Authority issuing your DCs certificate
AD_DEBUG=True
AD_DEBUG_FILE='/tmp/ldap.debug'

AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
    '... .backend.ActiveDirectoryAuthenticationBackend',
    'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend'
)

### backend.py ###
import ldap
import os
import re
import datetime

from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth.models import User


class ActiveDirectoryAuthenticationBackend:

	"""
	This authentication backend authenticates against Active directory.
	It updates the user objects according to the settings in the AD and is
	able to map specific groups to give users admin rights.
	"""

	def __init__(self):
		""" initialise a debuging if enabled """
		self.debug = settings.AD_DEBUG
		if len(settings.AD_DEBUG_FILE) > 0 and self.debug:
			self.debugFile = settings.AD_DEBUG_FILE
			# is the debug file accessible?
			if not os.path.exists(self.debugFile):
				open(self.debugFile,'w').close()
			elif not os.access(self.debugFile, os.W_OK):
				raise IOError("Debug File is not writable")
		else:
			self.debugFile = None	
		
	def authenticate(self,username=None,password=None):
		try:
			if len(password) == 0:
				return None
			ldap.set_option(ldap.OPT_X_TLS_CACERTFILE,settings.AD_CERT_FILE)
			l = ldap.initialize(settings.AD_LDAP_URL)
			l.set_option(ldap.OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION, 3)
			binddn = "%s@%s" % (username,settings.AD_NT4_DOMAIN)
			l.simple_bind_s(binddn,password)
			l.unbind_s()
			return self.get_or_create_user(username,password)

		except ImportError:
			self.debug_write('import error in authenticate')
		except ldap.INVALID_CREDENTIALS:
			self.debug_write('%s: Invalid Credentials' % username)

	def get_or_create_user(self, username, password):
		""" create or update the User object """
		# get user info from AD
		userInfo = self.get_user_info(username, password)
		
		# is there already a user?
		try:
			user = User.objects.get(username=username)
		except User.DoesNotExist:
			if userInfo is not None:
				user = User(username=username, password=password)
				self.debug_write('create new user %s' % username) 
		
		## update the user objects
		# group mapping for the access rights
		if userInfo['isAdmin']:
			user.is_staff = True
			user.is_superuser = True
		elif userInfo:
			user.is_staff = False
			user.is_superuser = False
		else:
			user.is_active = False		
		
		# personal data
		user.first_name = userInfo['first_name']
		user.last_name = userInfo['last_name']
		user.mail = userInfo['mail']
		
		# cache the AD password	
		user.set_password(password)
		
		user.save()

		return user

	def get_user(self, user_id):
		try:
			return User.objects.get(pk=user_id)
		except User.DoesNotExist:
			return None
	
	def debug_write(self,message):
		""" handle debug messages """
		if self.debugFile is not None:
			fObj = open(self.debugFile, 'a')
			now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
			fObj.write("%s\t%s\n" % (now,message))
			fObj.close()

	def check_group(self,membership):
		""" evaluate ADS group memberships """
		self.debug_write("Evaluating group membership")
		isValid = False
		isAdmin = False
		pattern = re.compile(r'^CN=(?P<groupName>[\w|\d]+),')
		for group in membership:
			groupMatch = pattern.match(group)
			if groupMatch:
				thisGroup = groupMatch.group('groupName')
				if thisGroup in settings.AD_MEMBERSHIP_REQ:
					isValid = True
				if thisGroup in settings.AD_MEMBERSHIP_ADMIN:
					isAdmin = True
		
		if isAdmin:
			self.debug_write('is admin user')
		elif isValid:
			self.debug_write('is normal user')
		else:
			self.debug_write('does not have the AD group membership needed')
			
		return isAdmin, isValid
	
	def get_user_info(self, username, password):
		""" get user info from ADS to a dictionary """
		try:
			userInfo = {
			        'username' : username,
			        'password' : password,
			}
			# prepare LDAP connection
			ldap.set_option(ldap.OPT_X_TLS_CACERTFILE,settings.AD_CERT_FILE)
			ldap.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS,0) # DO NOT TURN THIS OFF OR SEARCH WON'T WORK!      
			
			# initialize
			self.debug_write('ldap.initialize...')
			l = ldap.initialize(settings.AD_LDAP_URL)
			l.set_option(ldap.OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION, 3)
		
			# bind
			binddn = "%s@%s" % (username,settings.AD_NT4_DOMAIN)
			self.debug_write('ldap.bind %s' % binddn)
			l.bind_s(binddn,password)
		
			# search
			self.debug_write('search...')
			result = l.search_ext_s(settings.AD_SEARCH_DN,ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE,"sAMAccountName=%s" % username,settings.AD_SEARCH_FIELDS)[0][1]
			self.debug_write("results in %s" % result)
		
			# Validate that they are a member of review board group
			if result.has_key('memberOf'):
				membership = result['memberOf']
			else:
				self.debug_write('AD user has no group memberships')
				return None
		
			# user ADS Groups
			isAdmin, isValid = self.check_group(membership)
		
			if not isValid:
				return None
			
			userInfo['isAdmin'] = isAdmin
			
			# get user info from ADS
			# get email
			if result.has_key('mail'):
				mail = result['mail'][0]
			else:
				mail = ""
			
			userInfo['mail'] = mail
			self.debug_write("mail=%s" % mail)			
			
			# get surname
			if result.has_key('sn'):
				last_name = result['sn'][0]
			else:
				last_name = None
			
			userInfo['last_name'] = last_name
			self.debug_write("sn=%s" % last_name)
		
			# get display name
			if result.has_key('givenName'):
				first_name = result['givenName'][0]
			else:
				first_name = None
			
			userInfo['first_name'] = first_name
			self.debug_write("first_name=%s" % first_name)
			
			# LDAP unbind
			l.unbind_s()
			return userInfo
		
		except Exception, e:
			self.debug_write("exception caught!")
			self.debug_write(e)
			return None